{"id":3226,"date":"2026-02-24T15:45:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T12:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/?p=3226"},"modified":"2026-02-24T16:37:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T13:37:26","slug":"haziran-2007-guvenli-deniz-ulasimi-icin-kilavuzluk-hizmetleri-yapisi-cagdaslastirilmali-avrupa-birligi-dergisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/?p=3226","title":{"rendered":"Haziran 2007- G\u00fcvenli deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131- AVRUPA B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Dergisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Haziran 2007- G\u00fcvenli deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131- AVRUPA B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Dergisi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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AVRUPA B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Dergisi Haziran 2007<\/strong><\/div>

\u00a0<\/p>

R\u00f6portaj<\/strong><\/p>

G\u00fcvenli deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>

K\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131k mesle\u011fi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski oldu\u011fu kadar, en g\u00fczel ve ilgin\u00e7 mesleklerinden birisidir. Seyri zor ve tehlikeli k\u0131y\u0131 sular\u0131nda seyreden gemi kaptanlar\u0131, bu sular\u0131 iyi bilen denizcilere, denizlerin ula\u015f\u0131m amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerden itibaren ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ihtiya\u00e7, k\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131k mesle\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde, k\u0131lavuzluk ilk defa XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda kay\u0131tlara girmi\u015ftir. O g\u00fcnden itibaren de bu i\u015fi devlet \u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Gene \u00fclkemizde 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, k\u0131lavuzlukta da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda meyvelerini vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hantalla\u015fan devlet b\u00fcrokrasisi ve eskiyen teknolojiyi yenileyememe, yap\u0131lan hizmette aksamalara yol a\u00e7\u0131nca, k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetinin de \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Deniz K\u0131lavuzluk A.\u015e. (DEKA\u015e) bu zaruretten do\u011fmu\u015f bir hizmet \u015firketidir. Deka\u015f Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Aykut Erol sorular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yan\u0131tlarken, denizlerimizin g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etti ve k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6nemle vurgulad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindekine benzer bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturacak ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fcmit ettiklerini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>


\u201cT\u00fcrk K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi olarak 1988 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren, bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar daha sonra meyvelerini vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u201d<\/p>


Aykut Bey bize kendinizi tan\u0131t\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>

Y\u00fcksek Denizcilik Okulu\u2019nun G\u00fcverte b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden mezun olduktan sonra, D.B. Deniz Nakliyat\u0131, Hayri Baran ve bir Alman firmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gemilerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu arada Deniz Kuvvetlerinde yedek subayl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131m. 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mersin Liman\u0131\u2019nda k\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131m. Mersin\u2019de 11 y\u0131l kald\u0131m. 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda TD\u0130\u2019de i\u015fe girdim, \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011fazlar\u0131nda, \u0130zmit Liman\u0131\u2019nda ve \u0130stanbul Liman\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Karak\u00f6y, Haydarpa\u015fa, Ambarl\u0131, Tuzla gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn yerlerde k\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131k yapt\u0131m.<\/p>

1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cGemi Kullanma\u201d adl\u0131 bir kitab\u0131m yay\u0131mland\u0131, bu kitap T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ilgili Y\u00fcksek Okul ve \u00dcniversite fak\u00fcltelerinde ders kitab\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Yine 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildim. Dernek Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011fazlar\u0131\u2019ndaki deniz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konular\u0131nda \u00f6nemli incelemeler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131k. Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda meydana gelen kazalar\u0131 inceledik, nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131k. Buldu\u011fumuz kaza nedenlerinin nas\u0131l giderilebilece\u011fini, d\u00fcnyadaki benzer darsu yollar\u0131nda al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sonunda, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda kazalar\u0131n en alt d\u00fczeye indirilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemler konusunda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Raporlar\u0131 ilgili ve yetkili yerlere ilettik.<\/p>


Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sonucuna g\u00f6re, bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda olan kazalar\u0131n sebeplerinin neler oldu\u011funu saptad\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>

Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda olan kazalar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli sebebi vard\u0131: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n benzer yerlerindeki darsu yollar\u0131nda bulunan \u201cg\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n bizde bulunmamas\u0131; G\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 uygulatacak, kurallara uyulup uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetleyecek, trafi\u011fi d\u00fczenleyecek, gemilere bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir \u201cGemi Trafik Hizmetleri Sistemi\u201dnin bulunmamas\u0131; K\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan gemiler (Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda olan kazalar\u0131n %85\u2019i k\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan gemiler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. %15 kazada da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan iki gemiden birisinde k\u0131lavuz kaptan vard\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan incelemelerde hata hep k\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan gemideydi).<\/p>

\u0130stanbul gibi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda tarihi saraylar\u0131, yal\u0131lar\u0131, okullar\u0131, k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri, yolcu ve y\u00fck r\u0131ht\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok de\u011ferli yap\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7evresinde milyonlarca insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya metropol\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131ndan, k\u0131y\u0131lara \u00e7ok yak\u0131n mesafeden ge\u00e7en gemilerin yarataca\u011f\u0131 bir deniz kazas\u0131nda neler olabilece\u011fini daha \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6rnekleri ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Ancak, 1979\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u0130ndependenta tankeri kazas\u0131nda da, 1974\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Nasia tankeri kazas\u0131nda da \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u015fans\u0131 vard\u0131 ve kazalar \u00e7ok ucuz atlat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, birinci kaza Bo\u011faz\u0131n g\u00fcney giri\u015finde, ikinci kaza ise kuzey giri\u015finde olmu\u015ftu. Bu kazalar\u0131n, giri\u015flerde de\u011fil de, Bo\u011faz\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda bir yerde olmas\u0131 durumunda nelere yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini tahmin etmek zor de\u011fil. \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131z, co\u011frafi olarak k\u0131vr\u0131larak uzanmas\u0131 nedeniyle sert d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri bulunmas\u0131, arkas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen tepelerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131, d\u00fczensiz ve \u015fiddetli orta-yan, alt-\u00fcst ak\u0131nt\u0131lara sahip olmas\u0131, zaman zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sis, kuvvetli ya\u011fmur ve tipi gibi olumsuz do\u011fal ko\u015fular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle, zaten gemiler i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zor seyredilen dar ge\u00e7itlerindendir. Bunlara, son y\u0131llarda giderek artan gemi trafi\u011fi ve bu trafi\u011fin i\u00e7inde yer alan petrol, amonyak ve kimyasal y\u00fckler gibi di\u011fer tehlikeli maddeleri de eklersek, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7en gemilerin bizler ve \u00e7evremiz i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikeleri kolayca kestirebiliriz<\/p>

T\u00fcrk K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi olarak (ki o zaman Derne\u011fimizin ad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kelimesi yoktu, daha sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yararl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonunda T\u00fcrk kelimesini kullanmaya Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile hak kazand\u0131k), 1988 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar daha sonra meyvelerini vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce, Dernek olarak her a\u015famas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 3,5 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir komisyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonunda, bizim \u00f6nerdi\u011fimiz teknik kurallar\u0131n hepsinin kabul edildi\u011fi, k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla \u201cBo\u011fazlar B\u00f6lgesi T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda olu\u015fmu\u015f kazalar\u0131n ana nedenlerinden birisi olan \u201cg\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131 eksikli\u011fi\u201d giderildi. Daha sonra, benim de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve d\u00fcnya \u00f6rneklerini inceleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m, \u201cGemi Trafik Hizmetleri\u201d \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011fazlar\u0131nda kurularak, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda olu\u015fmu\u015f kazalar\u0131n ana nedenlerinden bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 da ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, diyebiliriz.<\/p>

Ancak, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda olu\u015fan kazalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisi olan \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan gemiler\u201d sorunu hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi. Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7en gemilerin % 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131lavuz kaptan almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nce olan kazalar\u0131n %85\u2019inin k\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan gemiler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131rsak, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duran sorunun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>

1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bo\u011fazlar T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi ve ard\u0131ndan Gemi Trafik Hizmetlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zdaki kaza say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n benzer darsu yollar\u0131nda gemilere \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu\u201dnun konulmu\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00f6yle bir zorunlulu\u011fun bulunmamas\u0131, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli\u011fin tam anlam\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda gemilere k\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011funun konulamamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f olan Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ndeki, \u201cBo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7ecek gemiler k\u0131lavuz kaptan almak zorunda de\u011fildir\u201d maddesidir. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u015fartlar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Montr\u00f6n\u00fcn masaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden, bu maddenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilme \u015fans\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, yetkililerin yapacaklar\u0131 baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler ile Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7en gemilerin t\u00fcme yak\u0131n\u0131na k\u0131lavuz kaptan ald\u0131rma olana\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu konuya daha sonra de\u011finmek istiyorum.<\/p>


Deka\u015f\u2019\u0131n kurulu\u015fundan, tarihinden k\u0131saca bahseder misiniz?<\/strong><\/p>

TD\u0130 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. TD\u0130\u2019nin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilecek birimleri aras\u0131nda k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin de oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendik. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi olarak temasa ge\u00e7tik. Kendilerine k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilecekse, bunun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin girmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindeki yap\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini anlatt\u0131k. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin, k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131, \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131k. Almanya, Hollanda, Bel\u00e7ika, Fransa ve \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d yeminli b\u00fcrolara terc\u00fcme ettirerek ilgili resmi makamlara da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131k. Bunun \u00fczerine, \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bize kendi uygulamalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, TD\u0130\u2019de hizmet veren k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n ortak oldu\u011fu bir Anonim \u015eirket kurmam\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Biz bu \u00f6neriyi yerine getirerek 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda TD\u0130\u2019de \u0130stanbul, Trabzon, \u0130zmir, Antalya gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 122 k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n, ortak oldu\u011fu, k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla Deka\u015f olarak bilinen Deniz K\u0131lavuzluk A.\u015e.\u2019ni kurduk. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 3,5 y\u0131l Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m Deka\u015f\u2019ta, ge\u00e7en y\u0131ldan beri yeniden ayn\u0131 g\u00f6revi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteyim.<\/p>

Biz 1995\u2019te Deka\u015f\u2019\u0131, TD\u0130\u2019nin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in kurduk. Ancak daha sonra, bir tak\u0131m siyasal etkilerle, TD\u0130\u2019nin k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmedi. Bu arada, TD\u0130 kendi tekel alan\u0131nda olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ba\u015fka hizmet verecek bir kurulu\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130zmit K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde de \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk ve r\u00f6morkaj hizmetlerini\u201d vermekteydi. Ancak, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme kapsam\u0131ndaki TD\u0130 yat\u0131r\u0131m yapam\u0131yor ve elindeki eski, say\u0131lar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri yetersiz pilot motoru, palamar motoru ve r\u00f6mork\u00f6rlerle \u0130zmit K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde hizmetlere yeti\u015femiyordu. Zaman i\u00e7inde say\u0131lar\u0131 artan iskele ve tesislere yana\u015f\u0131p kalkacak gemilerin hizmetlerinde gecikmeler oluyordu. Gemilerle birlikte, bu gecikmelerden tesisler, iskele ve r\u0131ht\u0131mlar, y\u00fckler, y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar, fabrikalar zarara u\u011frad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, bekleyen gemilere y\u0131lda milyonlarca dolar demoraj (bekleme) \u00fccreti \u00f6dedi. Bunun sonunda ilgili taraflar\u0131n \u015fikayetleriyle Denizcilik M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yapt\u0131. Bu yasal d\u00fczenlemeler sonucunda, g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u015firketle bize yani \u201cDeniz K\u0131lavuzluk \u2013 Med Marine M\u00fc\u015fterek Te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcne\u201d \u0130zmit ve \u0130skenderun Limanlar\u0131nda \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk ve r\u00f6morkaj hizmetlerini\u201d yapma yetkisi ve izni verildi.<\/p>

Ku\u015fkusuz ben burada, anlat\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcrecek bir geli\u015fimi \u00f6zetleyerek anlatt\u0131m. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131 ortas\u0131nda \u0130zmit, 1997 sonuna do\u011fru \u0130skenderun Liman\u0131\u2019nda k\u0131lavuzluk ve r\u00f6morkaj hizmetlerini \u201cDeka\u015f- Med Marine Konsorsiyumu\u201d olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u015flayan birli\u011fimiz, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa zamanda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 modern yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve ISO 9001 kalite belgeli hizmet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yan\u0131nda, Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Birli\u011fi\u2019ne \u00fcye de olarak, bu hizmetleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerindeki seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclen t\u00fcm beklemeler ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f, seyir, can, mal ve \u00e7evre g\u00fcvenli\u011fi en geni\u015f anlamda sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, ekonomik kay\u0131plar kazan\u00e7lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>

Deka\u015f\u2019\u0131n kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindekine benzer bir k\u0131lavuzluk yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmek idi. Ancak, \u015fimdi burada ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na giremeyece\u011fim yasal ve uygulama pratiklerinden gelen engeller y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015femedi. Bununla birlikte, kendi i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki 122 olan k\u0131lavuz kaptan ortak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 son olarak 250\u2019ye yakla\u015ft\u0131ran Deka\u015f, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinin \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n modern hizmet vermesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7leri sa\u011flamak, e\u011fitim vermek ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n gelir d\u00fczeylerinin, hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken i\u015flerini tarafs\u0131z ve her kesime e\u015fit uzakl\u0131kta durabilecek bi\u00e7imde yapmalar\u0131na elverecek, hem de emekliliklerinde seviyelerine yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bir hayat s\u00fcrmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek d\u00fczeyde olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcmidimiz ilerideki y\u0131llarda, yetkililerin Deka\u015f \u00f6rne\u011finden hareket ederek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindekine benzer bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturacak ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>


D\u00fcnyada ve \u00dclkemizde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri ihtiyac\u0131 ne zaman do\u011fmu\u015ftur?<\/strong><\/p>

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere d\u00fcnyadaki her meslek ve hizmet bir gereksinimden do\u011fmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnya tarihinde, gemilerin, limanlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fck ve yolcu ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra, denizleri a\u015f\u0131p gelmelerine ra\u011fmen, bir limana girerken, dar, s\u0131\u011f, girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve ak\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 sularda, kaptan\u0131n o yerin \u00f6zelliklerini iyi bilmemesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, karaya oturmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir gemiyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda batmalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu problemi \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve zararlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla, gemilerin, bir liman\u0131n, k\u00f6rfezin, bo\u011faz\u0131n, nehrin \u00e7e\u015fitli tehlikelerle ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sular\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131rken ve oralardan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, o yerin t\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerini \u00e7ok iyi bilen, deneyimli denizcilerle y\u00f6netilmelerine gerek duyulmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fte bu gereksinim, \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131\u201d, \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131k mesle\u011fini\u201d ve \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerini\u201d ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski Babil\u2019de bulunan Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131nda k\u0131lavuz kaptanlardan bahsedildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa, k\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131k mesle\u011finin en az 4.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri tarihini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturacak yeterli yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynak ve belge bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri konusunda Piri Reis\u2019in \u201cK\u0131tab-\u0131 Bahriye\u201dsinde yer alan \u015fu sat\u0131rlar, Osmanl\u0131lar zaman\u0131nda da bu konudan haberdar olundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>

\u201c\u2026eski zamanlardan beri, buradan Venedik \u015fehrine gidecek olan gemi, k\u0131lavuz kaptan almadan yola \u00e7\u0131kamaz ve Venedik \u015fehrinin \u00f6n\u00fcne gelince limana demir atamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131\u011fl\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131lard\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz k\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden suyun derinli\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 kulac\u0131 a\u015fmaz. K\u0131lavuz kaptanlar, K\u00f6rfezin neresinde olduklar\u0131n\u0131, denizin \u00e7amurundan bilirler. Ba\u015fka kaptanlar bunu bilmez.\u201d<\/p>

Ayn\u0131 kitab\u0131n bir ba\u015fka yerinde de \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>

\u201cVenedik \u015fehrinin liman\u0131na, ister Venedik gemisi olsun, isterse yabanc\u0131 bir gemi olsun, Parenzo kalesinden k\u0131lavuz kaptan almadan ula\u015famaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yasakt\u0131r. \u015eayet k\u0131lavuz kaptan almadan Parenzo\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olsa ve yolda zarara u\u011frasa, bu zarar\u0131, o geminin halk\u0131na \u00f6detirler.\u201d<\/p>

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde de ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1804 y\u0131l\u0131nda III. Selim\u2019in \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBahriye Kanunnamesi\u201dnde k\u0131lavuz kaptanlarla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda yava\u015f yava\u015f yap\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flayan \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin verili\u015f tarihini burada anlatmak \u00e7ok uzun olacakt\u0131r. Ancak \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve liman\u0131nda ilk ciddi k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetinin ve tarifesinin 1895 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra uygulamaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gemilere k\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu konuldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u0130lgilenenler daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrk K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi\u2019nin 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de K\u0131lavuz Kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 kitaba ba\u015fvurabilirler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, artan d\u00fcnya ticaret hacmine paralel olarak, gemi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131yla trafi\u011fin artmas\u0131, gemi tonajlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131nan b\u00fcy\u00fck tonajlar i\u00e7erisinde tehlikeli maddelerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, ya\u015fanacak bir deniz kazas\u0131n\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7evresel bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ip gelen k\u0131lavuzluk mesle\u011fi, g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flamas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc nedeniyle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>


Denizlerimiz ve Limanlar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli\u011fin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve AB kriterlerine uyum sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>

Denizlerimizde ve limanlar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli\u011fin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik alanlarda de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00f6nce g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kurallar\u0131n olmas\u0131 daha sonra da bu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve denetiminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, olanaklar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, fenerler, \u015famand\u0131ralar ve Gemi Trafik Hizmetleri gibi seyir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fczeyde kurulmu\u015f ve i\u015fliyor olmas\u0131 gereklidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin limanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, r\u0131ht\u0131m, iskele ve \u015famand\u0131ralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, gemilerin g\u00fcvenlikle manevra yapacak, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde yana\u015facak ve kalkacak, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde ba\u011fl\u0131 kalacak ko\u015fullarda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu gerekliliklerin t\u00fcm\u00fc tek tek ele al\u0131n\u0131p incelenmesi gereken geni\u015f ve uzmanl\u0131k isteyen konular. Onun i\u00e7in ben burada yaln\u0131zca kendi uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131m\u0131z olan \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri\u201d konusuna de\u011finmek istiyorum.<\/p>

D\u00fcnyada deniz kazalar\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lan istatistikler, Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (IMO) belgelerinde de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kazalar\u0131n % 85 dolay\u0131nda insan hatas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bo\u011fazlar B\u00f6lgemizde meydana gelen deniz kazalar\u0131 da, bunu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda 01.05.1982 ile 02.03.1993 tarihleri aras\u0131nda olan 153 deniz kazas\u0131na 211 gemi kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup, kazaya kar\u0131\u015fan gemiler i\u00e7inde k\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan gemi oran\u0131 % 84,4\u2019t\u00fcr. Geri kalan % 15,6\u2019ya giren gemilerde de, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan iki gemiden yaln\u0131zca bir tanesinde k\u0131lavuz kaptan vard\u0131. Ve yap\u0131lan incelemelerde, kazaya, hep bu iki gemiden k\u0131lavuz kaptan almayan geminin neden oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan bug\u00fcne dek, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda iki gemide de k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu her hangi bir kaza ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu veriler \u015funu g\u00f6stermektedir: K\u0131lavuz kaptanlar, uzakyol gemi kaptanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne ekledikleri, belirli bir yerin t\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6\u011freten e\u011fitimleri, stajlar\u0131, s\u0131navlar\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleri olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uzmanla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve tecr\u00fcbeleri nedenleriyle, deniz kazalar\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek y\u00fczdeyi olu\u015fturan \u201cinsan hatas\u0131\u201d fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc hemen hemen s\u0131f\u0131ra indirmektedirler.<\/p>

Buna g\u00f6re, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7en gemilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne k\u0131lavuz kaptan ald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda olas\u0131 kazalar\u0131n en az % 85 azalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Ancak, bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7en gemilerin k\u0131lavuz kaptan almas\u0131 \u201cisteklerine\u201d ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \u201cmecburi\u201d de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin ba\u015fka alanlarda \u00fclkemize sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yararlar nedeniyle, T\u00fcrkiye Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni masaya yat\u0131rmak iste\u011finde de\u011fildir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131rarak, Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de\u011fi\u015fmeden de, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda ge\u00e7en gemilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>

Ancak, bug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri, d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki \u201c\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u201d yap\u0131ya sahip de\u011fildir. D\u00fcnyada \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip \u00fclkelerde ve girmek istedi\u011fimiz Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde, \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar\u0131n deneyimlerinin birikimiyle, bu \u201c\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yap\u0131y\u0131\u201d sa\u011flayan bir \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu\u201d bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Almanya\u2019da bug\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan K\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu\u2019nun temelleri 300 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan 1656 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u201cHamburg Pilotage Act\u201da dayan\u0131r. Oysa bug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizde, k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerini \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturacak bir \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu\u201d bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi: \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin, y\u00f6netimi k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tek te\u015fkilat taraf\u0131ndan, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda verilmesidir\u201d. \u00dclkemizde ise b\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131 olmay\u0131p, burada ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmek istemedi\u011fim, de\u011fi\u015fik k\u0131lavuzluk te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

Oysa Dan\u0131\u015ftay Onuncu Dairesi 2000\/5276 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir tespit yaparak, \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>

\u201cK\u0131lavuzluk ve r\u00f6morkaj hizmetleri, seyir g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda verilen hizmetler olup, denizde seyir, can, mal ve \u00e7evre g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli bir b\u00f6lgede bu hizmetlerin merkezi bir organizasyon taraf\u0131ndan karga\u015faya ve kaosa sebep olmadan, bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde verilmesi gerekmektedir. Denizcilik hizmetlerinin uluslararas\u0131 niteli\u011fi ve d\u00fcnyadaki uygulamalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kanun gere\u011fi olmaktad\u0131r. Kamu yarar\u0131 ve kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131lavuzluk ve r\u00f6morkaj hizmetlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinde \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem gerektirmektedir. Bu da ancak bir yandan uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere uyulmakla, bir yandan da denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki geli\u015fmelere ve ihtiya\u00e7lara cevap vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken karga\u015faya meydan vermeyerek kamunun huzurunu bozmadan g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakla olur\u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/p>

Daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fim gibi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gemilerin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fck tonajlar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fckler i\u00e7inde tehlikeli ve zararl\u0131 y\u00fck \u00e7e\u015fitlerini \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da bir gemi kazas\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131z gemi ve y\u00fck\u00fcne de\u011fil, \u00e7evrede ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131na, denizlere, k\u0131y\u0131lara, limanlara, askeri tesislere ve hatta havaya \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar verecek duruma getirebilmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri\u201d, di\u011fer de\u011ferleri koruman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, \u201c\u00e7evrenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konuma gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Kurucusu oldu\u011fum ve \u015fu anda da ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fum, Deniz K\u0131lavuzluk A.\u015e., k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n bir araya gelmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindekine benzer bir yap\u0131y\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, yerel bazda kurmu\u015ftur. Deniz K\u0131lavuzluk A.\u015e. kendisine izin verilen alanlarda, T\u00fcrkiyede\u2019ki \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerini\u201d \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir zamanda d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerden bile ileri bir seviyeye getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

\u00dclkemizde, denizlerimizde, limanlar\u0131m\u0131zda ve Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131zda her an bizi bir \u00e7evre felaketi durumuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakacak gemi kazalar\u0131 tehlikesini minumuma indirmek, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli i\u015f, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindekine benzer bir \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu\u201d \u00e7\u0131kartarak, \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00dclkemizde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri bug\u00fcn, tekel halinde baz\u0131 kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 35 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f limanlar ve Denizcilik M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 15 ya da 20 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin verilmi\u015f te\u015fkilatlar taraf\u0131ndan verilmektedir. Bu farkl\u0131 yap\u0131daki te\u015fkilatlar\u0131, \u201ctek bir yap\u0131da\u201d toplamak ve bu hizmetlerin \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda, k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n kurduklar\u0131 bir te\u015fkilat taraf\u0131ndan verilmesini sa\u011flayacak bir \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu\u201d \u00e7\u0131kartmak, hukuksal a\u00e7\u0131dan baz\u0131 zorluklar i\u00e7ermektedir. Ancak, hedef konularak o hedefe g\u00f6re \u015fimdiden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flamakta fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haziran 2007- G\u00fcvenli deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131- AVRUPA B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Dergisi AVRUPA B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Dergisi Haziran 2007 \u00a0 R\u00f6portaj G\u00fcvenli deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131. K\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131k mesle\u011fi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski oldu\u011fu kadar, en g\u00fczel ve ilgin\u00e7 mesleklerinden birisidir. Seyri zor ve tehlikeli k\u0131y\u0131 sular\u0131nda seyreden gemi kaptanlar\u0131, bu sular\u0131 iyi bilen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazar-k-kaptanlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3226"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3230,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3226\/revisions\/3230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}