{"id":3657,"date":"2026-04-14T15:52:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T12:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/?p=3657"},"modified":"2026-04-14T15:54:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T12:54:48","slug":"ekonomi-dergisi-mart-nisan-2012-roportaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/?p=3657","title":{"rendered":"EKONOM\u0130 DERG\u0130S\u0130 MART \u2013 N\u0130SAN 2012 R\u00f6portaj"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3657\" class=\"elementor elementor-3657\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b958f2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b958f2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80d7316 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"80d7316\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7ea290 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e7ea290\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EKONOM\u0130 DERG\u0130S\u0130 MART \u2013 N\u0130SAN 2012 R\u00f6portaj<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bc94ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bc94ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>R\u00f6portaj \u2013 Aykut Erol \u2013 Deniz K\u0131lavuzluk A.\u015e. (DEKA\u015e) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/li><li><h4><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3659 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ekonomi2-191x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ekonomi2-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ekonomi2.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/>1. Aykut Bey, bize k\u0131saca kendinizi tan\u0131t\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/h4><p>1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mersin Liman\u0131\u2019nda k\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131m, daha sonra \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u0130zmit Liman\u0131, Tuzla ve Ambarl\u0131 gibi b\u00f6lgelerde 1996 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u0131lavuz kaptan olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cGEM\u0130 KULLANMA\u201d ad\u0131nda bir kitab\u0131m yay\u0131mland\u0131. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda se\u00e7ildi\u011fim, o zamanki ad\u0131yla, DEN\u0130Z P\u0130LOT KAPTANLAR DERNE\u011e\u0130 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcm. T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131\u2019nda kazalar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konular\u0131nda yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131m, yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131m, televizyon programlar\u0131na kat\u0131larak \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kamuoyu olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131m. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonunda haz\u0131rlanarak, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u201cBO\u011eAZLAR VE MARMARA\u2019DA DEN\u0130Z TRAF\u0130K D\u00dcZEN\u0130 HAKKINDA T\u00dcZ\u00dc\u011e\u00dc\u201di yazan komisyonda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ve teknik olan 34 maddenin yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Komisyona verdi\u011fim rapordan do\u011frudan geldi. Deniz Pilot Kaptanlar Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Bo\u011fazlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konular\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131\u2019yla Derne\u011fimizin ad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na T\u00fcrk s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc almam\u0131za izin verildi ve derne\u011fimizin ad\u0131 T\u00dcRK KILAVUZ KAPTANLAR DERNE\u011e\u0130 oldu.<\/p><p>BO\u011eAZLAR T\u00dcZ\u00dc\u011e\u00dc\u2019n\u00fcn IMO\u2019da ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Rus heyetine kar\u015f\u0131 savunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Heyetine teknik destek verdim.<br \/>1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n bir araya gelerek Almanya\u2019daki yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 \u00f6rnek alarak kurduklar\u0131 ilk \u00f6zel k\u0131lavuzluk \u015firketi olan DEN\u0130Z KILAVUZLUK A.\u015e.\u2019nin kuruculu\u011funu ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131m.<br \/>1997-98 d\u00f6neminde \u0130.T.\u00dc. Denizcilik Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde \u201cGemi Manevralar\u0131\u201d Dersinde \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, halen \u0130zmit ve \u0130skenderun Limanlar\u0131\u2019nda hizmet veren, DEN\u0130Z KILAVUZLUK A.\u015e. (DEKA\u015e) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6revlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteyim.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6>\u00a0 2. DEKA\u015e, AB \u00fclkelerindeki k\u0131lavuzluk te\u015fkilat\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6n ayak olmak \u00fczere kuruldu. \u00dclkemizde k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetinin DEKA\u015e gibi k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu bir \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan verilmesinin \u00f6nemi nedir?<\/h6><p>\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, gemilerin yan\u0131nda \u00e7evrenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kamu hizmeti say\u0131lan k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinde, ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar olarak \u015fu temel \u00f6zellikler aranmakta ve beklenmektedir:\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u2022 G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde h\u0131zl\u0131 hizmet verilmesi,<br \/>\u2022 D\u00fczenli, disiplinli, devaml\u0131 ve belirli standartlarda hizmet verilmesi,<br \/>\u2022 Hizmetlerin ilgili t\u00fcm taraflara kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fit uzakl\u0131kta durarak, tarafs\u0131z ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z verilmesi,<br \/>\u2022 Kamu yararlar\u0131n\u0131n korunarak verilmesi.<\/p><div class=\"img-frame right\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3663 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ekonomi1-300x127.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ekonomi1-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ekonomi1.jpg 448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><p>Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n i\u00e7inden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen deneyimler sonucu, k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin \u00f6zelli\u011finden ve kamu yararlar\u0131 gere\u011fi, hizmetlerin ilgili t\u00fcm taraflara kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fit uzakl\u0131kta durarak, tarafs\u0131z ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z verilmesi gerekti\u011fi bilinmektedir. D\u00fcnyadaki uygulamalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunun, Almanya, Fransa, \u0130talya ve Hollanda \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimi alt\u0131nda, k\u0131lavuz kaptanlara, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda kurdurulan te\u015fkilatlarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve ancak bu yap\u0131 oldu\u011funda kamu yararlar\u0131n\u0131n korundu\u011fu ve hizmetlerle ilgili menfaat taraflar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p><p>Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00dclkemizdeki yap\u0131ya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6ncelikle geli\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki gibi, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 yoktur. \u00dclkemizde, \u201cKamu te\u015fkilatlar\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u00d6zelle\u015ftirilen limanlar\u0131n te\u015fkilatlar\u0131\u201d ve \u201cDenizcilik M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan izin verilmi\u015f limanlar ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar te\u015fkilatlar\u0131\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6zetlenebilecek \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 k\u0131lavuzluk te\u015fkilat\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fik yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir tek DEKA\u015e hem liman i\u015fletmesi kurulu\u015fu olmay\u0131p, hem de Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde olan yap\u0131ya benzer bi\u00e7imde k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu bir \u015firkettir. Liman i\u015fletmelerinin k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti vermesinin ise ba\u015fta\u00a0<strong>hizmetlerin ilgili t\u00fcm taraflara kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fit uzakl\u0131kta durarak, tarafs\u0131z ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z verilmesi ve kamu yararlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan olmak \u00fczere, bir\u00e7ok sak\u0131ncas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu konularda daha fazla bilgi edinmek isteyenler,\u00a0<a href=\"htt:\/\/dekaspilot.com\">dekaspilot.com\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0internet sitesindeki, Denizcilik Dergisi\u2019nin Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k 2008 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u201c\u00dclkemizde K\u0131lavuzluk Ve R\u00f6morkaj Hizmetleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m ile 21-23 Nisan 2009 tarihinde Antalya\u2019da yap\u0131lan 43\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc EMPA (Avrupa K\u0131lavuz Kaptanlar Birli\u011fi) Genel Kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m konu\u015fmam\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metnine bakabilirler.<\/p><p>Mevzuat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00dclkemiz\u2019de halen, \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131\u201dyla ilgili bir d\u00fczenleme olmay\u0131p, daha \u00f6nceki iki mevzuat\u0131n (y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin) \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle ortadan kalkmas\u0131 nedeniyle, mevzuat bo\u015flu\u011fu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmak \u00fczere, Denizcilik M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanarak 2011 Haziran ay\u0131nda internet sitesinde a\u00e7\u0131klanan, \u201c<strong>KILAVUZLUK VE R\u00d6MORK\u00d6RC\u00dcL\u00dcK H\u0130ZMETLER\u0130 TE\u015eK\u0130L\u00c2TLARINA VER\u0130LECEK \u0130Z\u0130NLER HAKKINDA Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130K TASLA\u011eI\u201d<\/strong>, daha \u00f6nceki (iptal edilen) 1998 ve 2002 Y\u00f6netmeliklerine g\u00f6re daha ileri gitmesi ve geli\u015fmesi gerekirken tam tersine, hem \u00e7ok geriye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f hem de b\u00fcy\u00fck temel yanl\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7ermektedir ve mutlaka d\u00fczeltilmelidir.<\/p><p>Ku\u015fkusuz asl\u0131nda en do\u011fru yol, yukar\u0131da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131klamalar do\u011frultusunda, te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesini de i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde, Almanya \u00f6rne\u011findekine benzer, \u00dclkemiz ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun, bir\u00a0<strong>KILAVUZLUK KANUNU<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p>\u00a0<\/p><div><strong>3. Denizlerimizde ve limanlar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli\u011fin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla neler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? Bu ba\u011flamda k\u0131lavuzluk konusundaki yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri yeterli buluyor musunuz?<\/strong><\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><p>Denizlerimizde ve limanlar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayan en \u00f6nemli etkinliklerin ba\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri gelmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan ben burada \u00dclkemiz\u2019deki k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin durumuna k\u0131saca de\u011finmek istiyorum.<br \/>Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere denizcilik uluslararas\u0131 bir aland\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00e7o\u011funlukla, denizcili\u011fin ana kurallar\u0131 da uygulamalar\u0131 da uluslararas\u0131, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada hemen hemen ayn\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131lavuzlukta da bu b\u00f6yle olmakla birlikte, genel ana kurallar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, k\u0131lavuzlu\u011fun varolu\u015f nedeni ve temeli \u201cyerel bilgi\u201dye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, belli bir yerdeki k\u0131lavuzluk kurallar\u0131nda da, yerel \u00f6zellikler ge\u00e7erli olur. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, genel ana kural olarak k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti verilecek \u201calan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131\u201d belirlenmi\u015f ve orada hizmet verecek k\u0131lavuz kaptanlar \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f o yerin \u00f6zelliklerini bilecek \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirilip, belgelendirilmi\u015f\u201d olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak ku\u015fkusuz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde yetkili devlet otoritesi, k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti verilecek yerel alanlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kendisi belirler.<br \/>K\u0131lavuzluk ve k\u0131lavuz kaptanlarla ilgili hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler bizde Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde ve d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Almanya\u2019da ilk K\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu 1656\u2019da Hamburg\u2019da, 1681\u2019de Fransa\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015ftur. 1865\u2019de \u0130talya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan K\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu 1942 ve daha sonra 1952\u2019de yenilenmi\u015ftir. Yak\u0131n zamanda Almanya\u2019da 1954 kanunu 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Hollanda\u2019da 1957 kanunu 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda yenilenmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\u00dclkemiz\u2019de ise hen\u00fcz bir K\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Az \u00f6nce k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 konusundaki durumu da anlatt\u0131m.<br \/>K\u0131lavuz kaptan ve k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleriyle ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri yaparken, d\u00fcnyada y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n i\u00e7inden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelmi\u015f deneyimlerden en yararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, uygulamalarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 dikkate almak ve temelinde uygulama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yerel nitelikler ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin, kendi \u00dclkemiz\u2019in ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygunlu\u011funu sa\u011flamak gerekir.<\/p><p>D\u00fcnyaya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin verimli, d\u00fczenli, amac\u0131na uygun ve iyi verildi\u011fi Almanya, Fransa, \u0130talya ve Hollanda gibi \u00fclkelerde,\u00a0<strong>\u201cK\u0131lavuz kaptan ve k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin tan\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d, \u201cK\u0131lavuz kaptanlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, e\u011fitilmesi, yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve belgelendirilmesi\u201d ve \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 mevzuatta bulunmas\u0131 gereken konular\u0131n, \u201c<strong>KILAVUZLUK KANUNU\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0ile ve onun i\u00e7inde yer verilerek, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p><p>\u00dclkemiz\u2019de ise denizcili\u011fe uzak kal\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zla paralel olsa gerek, bir K\u0131lavuzluk Kanunu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri\u201d \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin de, bu hizmet \u00e7e\u015fitlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201dlar\u0131n da, hem \u201cbelirli ve bir \u00f6rnek adland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131\u201d hem de \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k bir tan\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d bile bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>K\u0131lavuz kaptan ve k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerinin d\u00fcnyadaki tan\u0131mlar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman iki t\u00fcr k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00dclkemiz\u2019de belirli ve bir \u00f6rnek bir adland\u0131rma \u00fczerinde birlik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u0130ngilizce isimleri dikkate al\u0131narak, bu tan\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve adland\u0131rmada birlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk Hizmetleri\u201d ve bu hizmetlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptanlara\u201d verilmesi gereken adlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nerim ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p><strong>A) \u201c\u0130stemli k\u0131lavuzluk (Voluntary pilotage) (hizmeti)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p>\u201cDan\u0131\u015fman k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p><strong>B) \u201cZorunlu k\u0131lavuzluk (Compulsory pilotage) (hizmeti)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p>\u201cZorunlu k\u0131lavuzluk\u201d hizmeti de, iki \u00e7e\u015fide ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p><strong>a) \u201cK\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu\u201d (hizmeti)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p>\u201cZorunlu dan\u0131\u015fman k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 b) \u201cY\u00f6netimi k\u0131lavuz kaptana b\u0131rakma zorunlulu\u011fu\u201d (hizmeti)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><div class=\"blockquote-bg\"><div class=\"quote-l\"><div class=\"quote-r\"><blockquote><p>\u201cZorunlu y\u00f6netmen k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div><\/div><p><strong>\u201c\u0130stemli k\u0131lavuzluk\u201dta<\/strong>, gemi kaptan\u0131, isterse k\u0131lavuz kaptan al\u0131r, istemezse almaz. T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131\u2019nda Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi uyar\u0131nca \u201c<strong>\u0130stemli k\u0131lavuzluk<\/strong>\u201d uygulamas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>\u201cK\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu\u201d<\/strong>nda, gemi kaptan\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f bir deniz alan\u0131na geldi\u011finde oras\u0131 i\u00e7in belgesi bulunan ve yetkilendirilmi\u015f k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131 gemisine almak zorundad\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz limanlar\u0131nda ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn liman ve dar suyollar\u0131nda,\u00a0<strong>\u201cK\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu<\/strong>\u201d uygulamas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p><p>Buna g\u00f6re: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u201c<strong>\u0130stemli k\u0131lavuzluk\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0(Bo\u011fazlarda) ile \u201c<strong>K\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu<\/strong>\u201d (limanlarda) bi\u00e7iminde iki ayr\u0131 k\u0131lavuzlama hizmeti uygulamas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201c<strong>Y\u00f6netimi k\u0131lavuz kaptana b\u0131rakma zorunlulu\u011fu<\/strong>\u201d uygulamas\u0131 yoktur. Zaten bu uygulama d\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 \u00f6zel kanalda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda (Md. 1219), \u00dclkemiz\u2019de uygulamas\u0131 olan \u201cdan\u0131\u015fman k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d ve \u201czorunlu dan\u0131\u015fman k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7memekte, buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00dclkemiz\u2019de uygulamas\u0131 olmayan \u201cY\u00f6netimi k\u0131lavuz kaptana b\u0131rakma zorunlulu\u011fundaki\u201d k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u201c<strong>mecburi k\u0131lavuz<\/strong>\u201d ( benim adland\u0131rmam ile \u201czorunlu y\u00f6netmen k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d) ad\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p><p>2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecek yeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise \u201c\u0130stemli k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetindeki\u201d k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u201c<strong>iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131lavuz<\/strong>\u201c, \u201cK\u0131lavuz kaptan alma zorunlulu\u011fu hizmetindeki\u201d k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u201c<strong>zorunlu dan\u0131\u015fman k\u0131lavuz<\/strong>\u201d ve (T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olmayan) \u201cY\u00f6netimi k\u0131lavuz kaptana b\u0131rakma zorunlulu\u011fu hizmetindeki\u201d k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u201c<strong>zorunlu sevk k\u0131lavuzu<\/strong>\u201d adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p><p>Buna g\u00f6re, yeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda, mevcut duruma g\u00f6re ileri gidilmi\u015fse de, hem \u201c\u0130stemli k\u0131lavuzluk\u201d hem de \u201cZorunlu k\u0131lavuzluk\u201d hizmetlerinin ve bunun \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Ayr\u0131ca yeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda, \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d yerine yaln\u0131zca \u201ck\u0131lavuz\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cK\u0131lavuz\u201d yerine \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201d denmesi gerekirdi. Yeni TTK\u2019nda ge\u00e7en, \u201c<strong>iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131lavuz\u201d<\/strong>, \u201c<strong>zorunlu dan\u0131\u015fman k\u0131lavuz<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>zorunlu sevk k\u0131lavuzu<\/strong>\u201d adlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131 da bulunmamakta, yaln\u0131zca sorumluluklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilirken bu adlar ge\u00e7mektedir.<br \/>\u00d6zetle: \u015eu andaki mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda ve yeni TTK\u2019da, \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmetleri\u201dnin ve de\u011fi\u015fik k\u0131lavuzluk hizmetlerindeki \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u201dlar\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131 bulunmamakta olup bunlar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>Yine yeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nundaki, \u201cK\u0131lavuzlar i\u00e7in sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Madde 1341\u2019de, 1976 tarihli \u201cDeniz Alacaklar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Mesuliyetin S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131ndaki Milletleraras\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d ile 1992 tarihli \u201cPetrol Kirlili\u011finden Do\u011fan Zarar\u0131n Hukuki Sorumlulu\u011fu ile \u0130lgili Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201dye g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131larak, \u201ck\u0131lavuzlar\u0131n sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n 1.500 \u00d6zel \u00c7ekme Hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d belirtilmektedir.<\/p><p>Ad\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z son S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019de, bir petrol kirlili\u011finde, \u015fayet k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n (pilot),\u00a0<strong>hasar\u0131<\/strong>, \u201czarar vermek kast\u0131yla\u201d, \u201czarara sebep olabilece\u011fini bile bile\u201d, \u201cihmal ve dikkatsizli\u011fi\u201d s\u00f6z konusu ise tazminattan s\u00f6z edilmekte ve bu tazminata s\u0131n\u0131r konulmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>Normal olarak bir k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n, \u201czarar vermek kast\u0131yla\u201d, \u201czarara sebep olabilece\u011fini bile bile\u201d, \u201cihmal ve dikkatsizli\u011fi\u201d ile zarar vermesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyecek olsa da, kanunlar\u0131n her ihtimali dikkate alarak d\u00fczenleme yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, b\u00f6yle durumlardaki tazminatlardan s\u00f6z edilmesi ve bu tazminatlara s\u0131n\u0131r konulmas\u0131, uygundur.<br \/>Ancak, yeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu Madde 1341\u2019de belirtilen \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n\u201d nas\u0131l bir \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti verdi\u011fi\u201d ve nas\u0131l bir \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan oldu\u011fu\u201d belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu Maddenin (3)\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan k\u0131lavuz (kaptan) tan\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fcnyada bilinen tan\u0131mlara uymamakta ve ters d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p><p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Madde 1341 (3)\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201cBu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131nda k\u0131lavuz terimi,\u00a0<strong>gemide\u00a0<\/strong>veya<strong>\u00a0herhangi ba\u015fka bir yerden\u00a0gemiye k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti veren ki\u015fiyi\u00a0<\/strong>veya<strong>\u00a0ki\u015fileri\u00a0<\/strong>ve bu ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filerin fiillerinden sorumlu olan b\u00fct\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri kapsar\u201d demektedir.<\/p><p>Bu tan\u0131m ile bug\u00fcne kadar d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bilinen ve kullan\u0131l\u0131p uygulanan \u201c<strong>k\u0131lavuz kaptan<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti<\/strong>\u201d tan\u0131mlar\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla alt\u00fcst edilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>Kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmeden, (nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r bilemem) bu yanl\u0131\u015flar mutlaka d\u00fczeltilmelidir. Bu yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck problemler ve hukuki sorunlar olu\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok kitapta, ansiklopedide ve bir olay nedeniyle ABD Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi\u2019nin (Oregon Supreme Court) bir karar\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere<strong>\u00a0k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti ancak ve ancak bir gemide verilebilir.\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, bir k\u0131lavuz kaptan yaln\u0131zca \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu gemiye k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti verebilir.<br \/>Bir k\u0131lavuz kaptan bulundu\u011fu gemiden ba\u015fka bir gemiye k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti veremez. Yine ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, bir k\u0131lavuz kaptan, \u201ck\u0131lavuz motorundan\u201d, \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk istasyonundan\u201d, \u201ckaradaki herhangi bir yerden\u201d, \u201cGemi Trafik Hizmetleri \u0130stasyonu\u2019ndan\u201d da \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti\u201d veremez.<br \/>Bir k\u0131lavuz kaptan ya da GTH operat\u00f6r\u00fc, herhangi bir gemiye, o geminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki herhangi bir yerden ancak ve ancak verece\u011fi bilgi (information), tavsiye (advice), uyar\u0131 (warning) ve talimatlar (instruction) ile (ki talimatlar yaln\u0131zca mevzuat\u0131 hat\u0131rlatma \u015feklinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r), \u201cNavigasyon yard\u0131m\u0131 hizmeti\u201d verebilir ve bunun ad\u0131 ise \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti\u201d ya da \u201ck\u0131lavuzluk\u201d de\u011fildir.<\/p><p>Buna g\u00f6re \u00f6zetle: \u201cGemiye al\u0131nan uzman ki\u015fiye k\u0131lavuz kaptan denir\u201d, \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti ancak gemide verilir\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cK\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti geminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yerden verilemez\u201d ve \u201cGeminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan verilen herhangi bir hizmete de k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti denilemez\u201d.<\/p><p>B\u00fct\u00fcn bu bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yeni TTK Madde 1341 (3)\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan, \u201cBu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131nda k\u0131lavuz terimi,\u00a0<strong>gemide veya herhangi ba\u015fka bir yerden gemiye k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti veren ki\u015fiyi\u00a0<\/strong>veya\u00a0<strong>ki\u015fileri<\/strong>\u00a0ve bu ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filerin fiillerinden sorumlu olan b\u00fct\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri kapsar\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 \u201cBu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131nda k\u0131lavuz (kaptan) terimi, gemide k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti veren ki\u015fiyi\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131 \/ \u015fekli hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>Yine bu bilgilerden hareketle, bir geminin \u00fcst\u00fcndeyken bile \u201cdan\u0131\u015fman\u201d niteli\u011fi olan ve normalde sorumlu tutulmayan bir K\u0131lavuz Kaptan\u2019\u0131 ve hele Gemi Trafik Hizmetleri Operat\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc, TTK Madde 1341\u2019de yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mdaki gibi, geminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bir yerden verdi\u011fi \u201ctavsiyeler\u201d nedeniyle sorumlu tutmak ak\u0131l ve sa\u011fduyu ile ba\u011fda\u015fmaz.<\/p><p>Ayr\u0131ca, geminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir yerden bir gemiye \u201ctavsiyelerde\u201d bulunan, \u201cbilgi veren\u201d ki\u015fi, (ger\u00e7ekte yetkili k\u0131lavuz kaptan ehliyetine sahip birisi olsa bile) o s\u0131rada o ki\u015fi, gemide bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in,\u00a0<strong>fiilen<\/strong>\u00a0k\u0131lavuz kaptan de\u011fildir ve verdi\u011fi hizmet de k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti olamaz.<br \/>\u00dcstelik geminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bir yerden tavsiye veren k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n \/ ki\u015finin \/ gemi trafik hizmetleri operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, o s\u0131rada geminin k\u00f6pr\u00fcst\u00fcnde ya\u015fanabilecek d\u00fcmen ar\u0131zas\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fcmen basma, makine telgraf\u0131 ar\u0131zas\u0131, makine kumandas\u0131 hatas\u0131, makine ar\u0131zas\u0131, d\u00fcmen g\u00f6stergesi ar\u0131zas\u0131, personel yetersizli\u011fi gibi ve benzeri olaylara \u015fahit olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6nlem almas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<br \/>T\u00fcm bu bak\u0131mlardan, yeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun 1341\u2019inci maddesinde yer alan \u201ck\u0131lavuz (kaptan) tan\u0131m\u0131\u201d da, \u201cbir k\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n bir gemiye d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bir yerden k\u0131lavuzluk hizmeti verebilece\u011fi\u201d hususu da ve \u201ck\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n (ya da bu konumdaki bilgi \/ tavsiye veren ki\u015finin) sorumlu tutulmas\u0131\u201d da, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yanl\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur, d\u00fczeltilmeye gerek vard\u0131r.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EKONOM\u0130 DERG\u0130S\u0130 MART \u2013 N\u0130SAN 2012 R\u00f6portaj R\u00f6portaj \u2013 Aykut Erol \u2013 Deniz K\u0131lavuzluk A.\u015e. (DEKA\u015e) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc 1. Aykut Bey, bize k\u0131saca kendinizi tan\u0131t\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mersin Liman\u0131\u2019nda k\u0131lavuz kaptanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131m, daha sonra \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u0130zmit Liman\u0131, Tuzla ve Ambarl\u0131 gibi b\u00f6lgelerde 1996 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u0131lavuz kaptan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazar-k-kaptanlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3657"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3666,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657\/revisions\/3666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dekaspilot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}